Akbar Mashuf

Son of Mohsen Mirza Kafil_od_dowleh, he was born in Tehran, 1863. His grandfather, Mohammad Taher Mirza was one of Abbas Mirza's grandsons, who had translated Alexander Dumas's The Three Musketeers into Persian. After his elementary education he entered Darolfonun and got his diploma from there. He published Eiuq in 1900, the contents of which was not favored by the premier, Amin_os_sultan, and was suspended immediately. He taught mathematics for some time in Tehran schools. Was appointed the head of post department in Kermanshah. Being a member of Adamiyat Society, he intended to found a branch of this society in there.

After a while, he left the society and founded the Society of Rights with some other people. He was the editor of its organ, Rights. Was elected a member to the second term of Majlis from Arak, but his credentials were rejected. When he became a member of Majlis, he joined the democrats and was leader of the fraction after the murder of Seyyed Abdullah Behbahani. When Majlis was closed by the order of Nasser-ol-molk, he was exiled to Qom. Was a member of third Majlis from Esfahan, and again leader of democratic fraction. During First World War, like some other political figure in their opposition towards the Russians and the British, he turned to the Germany. Was arrested by the British when he was among Sanjabi tribe in 1917 and was imprisoned in India. Following Seyyed Zia's coup, he came to Hamedan secretly. After his depose he returned Tehran. Became a member of fourth term of Majlis from Tehran, and founded the Socialist party with Mohammad Sadeq Tabatabai. During these years, he was known as the leader of Iran leftist groups by the Soviets and they trusted him. He opposed Qavam in 1922 and endeavored to strengthen the position of Reza Khan. He concluded a secret treaty with Reza khan and was a member of secret sessions held in Reza Khan's place. Was appointed minister of education in Reza khan's first cabinet. Became a member of the fifth Majlis where he opposed Modarres in his plan to interrogate Reza khan. He voted for the removal of Qajars. He proceeded to Soviet Union with Hajj Amin_oz_zarb, Shirvani, Dashti, Farrokhi Yazdi, and etc to attend the tenth anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Then he went to Germany to meet Bozorg Alavi, and other founders of Iran Revolutionary Republic. Next, he went to Paris and met Marcell Kach, general secretary of French Communist party and the chief editor of Humanite. He retired himself from political activities until 1941. Was one of the founding members of The Tudeh Party. Due to his political background, he became a leader of the party. During the elections of the first majlis after Reza shah, he died in January 6^th, 1944 and was buried in Emamzadeh Abdullah. He was not a communist. Due to his socialistic views, he held positive opinion towards Soviet Union. He has translated the Nation's Secrets by Eugene Sue